AN APPROACH TO THE CULTURE HUNGARY

I think that Hungary is very interesting and curious, but at the same time is a mysterious country because it isn’t grateful, Hungary people don’t to help to promote this resources and exciting things, for example the language and their diverse creations.

The language is the most impacting thing, it is a beautiful language and complexity language, but this is what makes it a pretty communication, besides their language exists almost invariable for several thousands of years.

Their language is influenced for languages like: Turk, Slav, German, Latin and French, for this reason it is a very difficult language to learn and extensive for writing, reading and listening.

This language is called Hungarian or Magyar, their alphabet is quite extensive and complicated, because it has many vowels and consonants, besides it has a lot of sounds and pronunciations, and although some sounds have correspondence in Spanish, many Hungarian sounds don't have it.

WRITTEN BY PAULA FORTOUL

HISTORY

IMPORTANCE OF MAYAS IN OUR SOCIETY

First we have take into account that Maya civilization was located in Mesoamerica, called nowadays Centro America and México, Maya civilization left important contributions to our society in 21 century; they develop the Maya calendars an a numeric system both based on eye observation of moon, stars or planets movement. But why is Maya civilization so relevant to our society and technology?

This ancient civilization began to observed the sky and everything present on it; develop to that way the Astronomy, after too many periods of time to development of agronomy, member roles of families and traditions, Mayas began to felt interested to develop a way or method that will be useful to divide time in days, months or years creating in that way the Maya Calendars, that it was composed by a system of distinct calendars of almanacs used by the Maya civilization of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and some modern Maya communities in Guatemala. One of the systems is called El Civil or Haab, it takes 365 days and is used nowadays, second system is El sagrado or Tzolkin that takes 260 days and the last one and longer is the Long Count that has 144.000 days.

The influence of these even on the world we live today is remarkable, Can you just imagine how could be our life style if we don’t use a system to organize our projects to future or don’t remember meaningful events like this?. Even Aztec civilization also develop a calendar, researches affirm that Maya calendars are the best – documented and most completely understood, also Mayas was a big influence in Mesoamerica, because some of those traditions and believes are maintain nowadays by thus future generations, to this reason is so relevant to us like Latin Americans because Mayas are our ancestors and we should maintain this legacy.

On the other hand, we can’t forget other inventions of Mayas that supported the development of Maya calendar; these inventions are mathematics with their vigesimal system and concept of zero, and the innumerable eye observations that evolve to Astronomy. Even other civilizations also develop similar systems, Maya civilization has too many unknown facts that make to people still have interested to make researches about them.

Finally, we can be conscious of responsibility to our backs, we have to promote, respect and research about this magnificent ancient civilization that give us so many ways to understand the world and permit that we live makes more easily every day.

BY: JENNIFER JIMENEZ JIMENEZ

The importance of Mayan

The importance of Mayan culture lies in its contribution to the whole planet.

The Mayans, located in the souther area of Mexico, Guatemala and norther Belize. This civilization reached its splendor in the first millennium of our era. Around the year 665 and had a numerical value for position vigesimal (base 20) with a symbol for zero. Importantly, the zero and was used before that date, and and it had more applications than the positional.

it is impossible to summarize the complexity and interest of mathematics developed by the Maya. Apparently the motivations were astronomical and religious. The Mayas had several different calendars, four, with varying durations. It is likely that the invention of zero could be due to the Olmec, the Maya civilization predates located on the current state of Tabasco and Veracruz. Unfortunately their discovery did not move to other cultures beyond the Maya.

Its place of settlement influenced much of their customs, such as food and material of their crafts and social life. Mathematics, especially the invention of zero, are recognized by the most famous universities in the United States and Europe. Cities as beautiful and preserved the Mayan world are greatly appreciates and visited by tourists. In general, the mosaic of diversity and mystery us inmersed in an atmosphere of adventure that makes the territory where they settled exceptional.

To summarize, it is relevant that people know the importance of ancient civilizations and in the same way the contribution that cultural civilizations did to the world.

By, Diana Palacios

Hungary

The Republic of Hungary (in Hungarian, Magyar Köztársaság) is a country of central Europe which forms part of the European Union (EU). It borders with Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. It is locally called Land of the Magyars or Magyarország. Along with Poland, Slovakia and Czech Republic, a member of the Visegrad group of nations.

Hungary stands out in a sport like water polo collective, as well as in the Hammer Throw. It also has a lot of swimming tradition by which Hungary has been very successful. His highest figure in the sport of all times has been the footballer Ferenc Puskás, who made a successful career in Spanish football team Real Madrid. And had a great tennis player named Zsofia Jakab who is playing for Longwood University today. The best participation of Hungary in the Olympic Games, was in 1952 when it gained in third place in medal table.


By, Diana Palacios

ITALY

Italy is a European country and occupies a long, boot-shaped peninsula. It is bounded by France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia to the north. Italy has different cities that are relevant in culture and amazing places for tourism. One of the most outstanding is Milan; it is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Also, it is renowned as one of the world capitals of design and fashion; Therefore Milan is the base of operations for many local and nationwide communication services and businesses, such as newspapers, magazines, and TV and radio stations.

In addition, Sardinia is other relevant cities of Italy. It is a constitutional part of Italy, with a special statute of regional autonomy under the Italian Constitution. This city is a generally mountains island with a few coastal plains. The Island’s mountains are divided into three ranges; the highest peaks are in the middle section of the island. Also it is one of the world’s most interesting musical destinations and it is particularly famous for its beaches, but is also rich in other interesting places, such as some charming sea towns and archeological ruins.

On the other hand, the Italy culture is very rich and Italian people have different customs, for example they have a strict order to eat, the first food is pasta, which are different types of pasta, secondly meet, salad, cheese, fruit and finally desert. The most outstanding sport is the soccer and Italian people talk different idioms as Italian, German, French and Sovent.

By

Carolina Méndez Sánchez

Italy

Italy is younger than Colombia, they Independence Day was March 17 1861 and July 20 to 1810 respectively , also these two countries have some differences in the case of territory distribution, population, area an food between others.

For example Italy is composed by 15 regions while Colombia is divided in 32 departments, also Italy population was around 59.4 million persons, it has the fourth largest population in the European Union and the 22nd largest population in the world while Colombia population is estimate on 44.1 million.

On to other hand costumes of food, are so different between these two countries, Italian people recognize special types of pasta and they combine each one with special accompaniment, also they enclose their food with a cup of wine and after they finish to eat they should to drink a cup of coffe.

Italy is characterized by different monuments like The Colosseum in Rome, Venice, tower of Pisa, Stadio Giuseppe Meazza, also known as the San Siro, one of the most relevant sports in Italy.

Tower of pisa

Colosseum in Rome

BY JENNIFER JIMENEZ JIMENEZ.

MAYA CIVILIZATION

In ancient civilization development technology based on the to make up for basic necessaries like build names, monuments and progress on mathematics and astronomy relevant aspects that have been influence the actual society and our cognitive development. Maya civilization is considering one of the most outstanding Mesoamerica society for all legacy give to humanity. Which are the aspects that make Maya civilization the most relevant society on Mesoamerican civilization?


One of the aspects that make Maya civilization so relevant nowadays is the numeric system that was created based on astronomical observation. This system was developed used a base 20 (vigesimal) and base 5 numbering system, that is used in the actual mathematical system. Also the astronomy is relevant because it was used to created his numeric system and develop the Mayas buildings.

In addition, Mayas civilization is consider one of the most religious society because they have different rituals and ceremonies were very closely associated with other aspects of their lives, for example the calendar help to organize outstanding event relationate with gods and humans.

On the other hand, opponents of Mayas defender say that this civilization isn’t relevant in Mesoamerica development because Mayas don’t having the progress that other civilization have been in the time how Inca or Aztec society. But Mayas defender says that Mayas were an amazing civilization, and have developed in different aspects as astronomy, agriculture and others. Also they created a system of writing, which is sign to relevant progress and legacy that give for humanity.

Consequently, the ancient civilization development is the sign that all of things and progress in different aspects as technology, mathematics and other that can observe nowadays. Therefore Mays civilization was an outstanding legacy that have been help to humanity develop.

By

Carolina Méndez Sánchez

THE MAYAN CIVILIZATION IS AN EXAMPLE OF WISDOM

The Mayan civilization is the most essential civilization on the world; because this civilization invented many things that are essential nowadays for all people, for example, the calendar. In consequence Mayan people were very creative and imaginative.

Furthermore, they invented different ways for building their sculptures, pyramids and wonderful buildings, hence that other civilizations wanted to be as same as them, because their building made more pretty her civilization’s decoration.

Moreover, Mayan people were very witty, especially in art, due to their abilities for inventing thing were considerate such as wise people and other civilization should admire them.

Undoubtedly, they were so relevant for South America’s development because of their wide knowledge about architecture and arts.

According to survey, although, Mayan people had a lot of achievement, some people nowadays, believe that they weren’t so important for the development, because they were very idealistic and focused on art, leaving the economic in second place.

But, considering the Mayan civilization as a very advanced cultural group we can say that they achieved a great development in many areas like astronomy, architecture, sculpture, painting, ceramic, mathematics among others.

Based on some investigations it reach the conclusion that the Mayan culture was one of the most original and greatest old civilizations. This was characterized by their great intelligence and works of art.

To sum up, we can’t believe that Mayan people were idealistic, because thanks to their arts and architecture, they progressed in their economics. Besides they took advantage of others civilizations in the knowledge and imagination.

Written by Paula Fernanda Fortoul

CULTURAL PRACTICES

BALL GAME

Was consider by Mayas like a ritual, symbolizing the origin of universe and other astrological phenomenos; the game shows the fight between players, in one side the twins and in the other side the gods of inframundo. The objective of the game was to players should be pass the ball fabricated with rubber, into a small circle located in one of the walls of the play camp; nowadays these sport is practice in Guatemala and Mexico.

In other place where the play camp doesn’t have small circles in the walls, the winner is the team or player who wins more lines in the play camp until enclose the opposite team/player, just like American Soccer.

The number of players is different, and in some cases players can use objects like sticks and can protect their chest and head to strong knocks, the game would be played during day and night, some researches shows that the player who lose his live was a prisoner of war that after receive knocks from winners is obligated to play and after it was sacrificed, taken place in a fertility ritual because they will goes to a paradise. Not all times the game ending in human sacrifices, because players just bet and the lose it was just the bet.

By Jennifer Jimenez J

Maya´s Rituals

The Maya were a religious people, who lived in fear of the destructive nature of their gods. And their rituals became a very important part of their religion, they have many traditions to commemorate the recently deceased and worship long, departed ancestors. In Maya rituals are outstanding death, for example, people who died by suicide, sacrifice, complications of childbirth and in battle were thought to be transported directly into heaven. Otherwise, the dance was also an important part of the ritual. Both men and women had their dances and individuals seldom danced together. The festivities dedicated to the gods were held at a date fixed by the tzolk'in or ritual calendar. The priests organized ceremonies, ornamentation of the temples and presenting offerings. There were also ball games (pot-a token), drama, processions and other celebrations.

The pot-a token is the ball game, which represents the origins of the universe and aimed at reviving the myths of the creation of maize and other astronomical phenomena. This is a ritual of passage, death and rebirth that legitimizes military action and political power.

The Maya ceremonies have relevant and different elements, for example the self, where it is pierced tongue, lobes and offering sexual organs and blood collection; the animals and human sacrifices; the dances, songs, drama, prayers; the fasting and abstinence and use of hallucinogenic mushrooms. Among the ceremonies still practiced within our ch'a Chaak, which plead to each, helpers of the god of rain when the rainy season is delayed.

By

Carolina Méndez Sánchez

....... BallGame .......

The sport more representative of the Maya civilization was the ballgame, better known today as football, but really it was more a ritual than a game, since it represented the passage of the stars and the sun is the source of all life.

The Mayans practiced the ballgame. The tradition mind that the players were prisoners of war. If they lost were decapitated, and if they earned the sacrificed and offered to the gods, without having that opportunity would be different. As such the ballgame, was a ceremonial game representing the passage of the stars and the sun is the source of all life. Where the ball was the representation of the sun.

Although apparently was a tough game, it is significant that people understand the relevance that had the ballgame for the Maya civilization, because the significance is not in who sacrificed, but in the ceremony commemorating the passage of the stars and sun. In addition even though it was a game that required strength and courage above all, loved what the Mayans.

By: Diana Palacios Chacon

MAYA´S SPORTS

Usually Maya’s people hadn’t many sports because they dedicated most of the time for working, but they had an especial sport, this was called ball game, looked to soccer; although they took it as a ritual, because this game represented de universe’s origin. This was a ritual of origin, died and rebirth.

In the game, people used a ball made of rubber that was hit with the waist, the knees, the shoulders and the elbows, and the objective of the game was that the ball went in a thin ring that was placed in one of the walls of the game field, and if the player achieved that objective, a point for that player’s team was added, was like a goal of the soccer nowadays. The winner group was who avoided the competitor and made points, and the losers were not killed or tortured, in comparison with other ancient cultures, except the prisons of war that were forced to play, because they believed that this way the prisons went to paradise.

Furthermore, before to start the game, players, almost in all the games, betted anything, for example, clothes, food, money, beers, etc., in consequence when the game finished the bet was paid. Also, in some places, such as Guatemala and Honduras, the winners could chase the losers, and remove their personal things if the winners liked these objects.

The members of the group, were different depending of situation, in some games, the players used rackets o canes; besides, they used armor for protecting their chest and the head, avoiding the strong hits of the ball. The game could last all day, morning and night.

People ended very exhausted, but they loved this game, because they enjoyed and praised, at the same time, for this reason this game was their favorite sport, although they, also, in the king's palace made juggling and dancing, like a situation where they could enjoy and do sports.

WRITTEN BY: PAULA FERNANDA FORTOUL R

THE MAYAN'S FAMILY

VIDEOS

Like many people of the world, the Maya built and need a body of religious beliefs to explain the origin and structure of the cosmos, as well as to justify the role making plays in the maintenance of order in that reality. Since it is impossible to explain the causes that produce the most diverse natural phenomena created an imaginary world formed by supernatural beings. I am going to write about the similarities and differences between two relevant gods, Itzamna and K´inich Ajaw.

One similarity between supernatural beings is that the god Itzamna as the god K´inich Ajaw possessed animal forms; for instance, the god Itzamna was a bird and a crocodile, while the god K´inich Ajaw was the mixture of various animals, such as the jaguar, shark, among others. Similar to the god Itzamna, god K´inich Ajaw had the same significance because, the first was the creator of everything that could one imagine in the cosmos, and the second was the creator of the sun, the two possessed individual skills but highly related to the establishment.

Although there are similarities, there are also some relevant differences. The god Itzamna by their creator god qualities, he personified as an old man. His residence was heavenly, and from there dictated the designs of the cosmos, seated on a celestial band, a symbol of planets and other celestial bodies that representations zoomorfas may be part of their body. In contrast, the god K´inich Ajaw for the most common symbol was the ramming of four flower petals glyph K´in (Sun, day, time and party), which refers to the four directions of the cosmos, the head of the solar deity was used to represent the number four.

All in all, it is impossible to explain the causes that produce the most diverse natural phenomena created an imaginary world formed by supernatural beings. For this reason it is relevant to know about similarities and differences between to significant gods, Itzamna and K´inich Ajaw.

By: Diana Palacios

ARTHUR KING vs ZEUS

In ancient civilizations heroes were people who represent the rules or natural phenomenos of their period. Some of there are consider myths, like the Greek gods or philosophers, also characters of history like Kings or Queens. I am going to write about the similarities or differences between two characters of history; Arthur King and Zeus.

Arthur King was the governor to British, at the same way, Zeus was consider the King of the gods, in addition both had symbols that represent their personality and labor with their community, likewise both are men and they were responsible to take important decisions to solve problems.

On the contrary both governed in different period of history; Zeus was first than Arthur King, also they differ in the way that Zeus has a lot of children with different woman; while Arthur King just had one child; even each one had symbols that represent them, it was different, for example Arthur King symbols are: Excalibur, Camelot castle, Merlin and the knights of the Round Table; while Zeus symbols are: the thunderbolt, eagle, Mount Olympus and sky.

Finally, even these two characters had differences, also has one aspect in common, each one governed a nation or a group of people who come up to them, for help to solve problems or questions.

By; Jennifer Jimenez

Charlemagne Vs Aquiles

Heroes are mans often of divine ancestry, who are endowed with great courage and strength, celebrated for his bold and favored by the gods. In this essay I compare and contrast two heroes talking about their similarities and differences, for that when begin to remember all of heroes to history are common talk about hero as Aquiles or Carlo Magno, who are considered a relevant character of history for their actions and bequest. Both heroes fought achieve goals and fighting several enemies. However Aquiles was a hero of Homero´s legend and isn’t a real hero as Carlo Magno who is considered a one of the most real hero in history, because founded the Carolingian Empire and was transformed into the Holy Roman Empire.

One similarity is legend about their lives; Aquiles was a protagonist and greatest warrior of the Iliad by Homer. Likewise the fame of the knights of Charlemagne and his court led to a series of myths and legends. In the same way both heroes are considered military leaders. Charlemagne was one of the greatest military leaders of the middle ages. As king, revived the political and cultural spirit that had disappeared with the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Like to Aquiles who was the fastest and the most beautiful of the hero gathered in Troy.

Nevertheless, a major difference is a time in which they lived, because Charlemagne lived during 700 years while Aquiles is a relevant character to Greece mythology.

In summary these two characters are some similarities and differences. Both hero are outstanding and had relevant “legado” for all humanity around the history. Eventhoght they are lived in different times, both are main character of history for their actions and bequest.

by:Carolina Méndez Sánchez

ALTHOUGH THESE MAYAN GODS ARE POWERFULL, THE ARE ALSO MANY DIFFERENCE ABOUT THEIR POWERS.

Always, people think that gods are essential for living because they can to help them to achieve their dreams, besides in all cultures there are some gods, and in one of those cultures there are more gods than other and the gods` powers are different in the some cultures.

The gods` myth are transmitted from generation to generation because is vital for people to believe in something, for this reason gods’ myths were created since that the man started to think.

Now, I will speak about two Mayan gods, the god Chac and the god Itzama, that were essential for the Mayan people

The God Itzama was the lord of heaven, the night and the air and his power was to punish ambitious people; and the God Chac was the god of rain and the cardinal points. His power was to give fertility and prosperity to devout people.

One similarity is the origin of these two gods, because both existed since the mayan´s creation; also, these gods were very powerful so people prayed to much to these gods for their well-being, besides, these two gods punished irresponsible people.

However, The god Chac was more ordinary than The god Itzama, because the god Chac was the god of the working classes, in contrast the god Itzama was the god of the high classes, because he invented the calendar and the writing.

In summary, these gods were priority for the Mayan civilization and although they are different, they were significant for each social class, in the same way, each gods had difference powers for each social class.

by Paula Fortoul.

Artistic Expressions

The Mayan art is a reflection of their lifestyle and culture. This art was manifest in drawings and paintings on paper, low and high reliefs in stone, wood, pottery, jade, bone, and clay figures. Music was highly appreciated and there is evidence plays, which were conducted in public ceremonies. The Mayan nobility responsible work fine for their palaces, and to accentuate his greatness, among them, Jade jewellery and Obsidian. thrones engravings, paintings and polychrome ceramics with scenes of life in the courts, and of course, stelae with texts to be remembered for his feats in battle. Most figures of a wide variety, have been found in royal tombs. The Mayan art, it was not just for royalty, as evidenced by the many findings in the homes of ordinary people. On the other hand, it is important to know a bit more about the different forms of expression of the Mayans where on many occasions wished to translate their feelings: first, sculpture, identified by the most famous are the stelae, stone monoliths with engravings of rulers or gods and texts that have helped to understand their culture. Second, ceramics, it was something very anecdotal and left to fly the imagination of the artist Maya, which helped it to be changed.Thirdly, painting, the Mayans were great painters, especially in ceramics, but the murals on buildings and caves, they were very important to them, they used many vegetable dyes and minerals for their artworks. Finally, music, theatre and dance, for the ancient Maya, performing arts were integrated at all levels of society, from involving hundreds of people, to an individual playing a pito going to camp. The Murals show processions bands with drums, flutes, trumpets, while the nobles dressed in their best finery dancing. The Mayans are in one way or another something extraordinary, but it is vitally important to know about them to say.


By Diana Paola Palacios Chacón

Work in the Mayan civilization

Work in the Mayan civilization.

The Mayan´s people were worker people, and their economy was based in the agriculture, they, also, hunts, fished, tamed animals, and worked the stone that they used to build weapons, decorations and work instruments, they also worked the pottery.

The Mayan civilization is considered like a very advanced cultural group because they achieved a great development in many areas like the astronomy, architecture, mathematics sculpture, ceramics, painting, and others.

Furthermore, the Mayan civilization had a particular style in its art, because they represent the human person in a real way, with perfect proportions of the body in movement. The principal fear of their art was the sacred thing, the ritual thing, the daily life, fishes, turtles, jaguar, bat, etc.

The stone was one of the raw materials, and with it they built sculptures, buildings, but, they, also, were interested in the personal aesthetics and for this reason, they made jade decorations, as necklaces, earrings, slopes and masks, so they deformed their skulls and noses, and they were hung a decoration in the forehead. These decoration pieces make part now of the Pre-Columbian art.

About education, it was received depended on the social class of the person. The lower social classes received basic education, while nobles received a higher education because this needed scientific knowledge to occupied administrative charges. To future priests, additionally, they learned astronomy secrets; they were obligated to have an honest private and public life, because they had to be good models to people

By Paula Fernanda Fortoul.

The Mayan’s family

The Mayan’s family

The family in the Mayan ancient civilization was sacred, because it was the center of the all ceremonies and rituals.

Firstly, the typical Mayan’s family had five or seven members and they woke up before the dawn. The morning started with a chocolate cup or a corn cup and a tortilla, which they ate in a bedroom at side of the chimney, in their wooden homes.

The family’s members had each one a role, so, the more important members was the father; he was the authority of his children only until they were eighteen years old, but before the father was the boss of the family, and he worked in the agriculture, like sowing tomatoes, fruits, pepper, paprika, etc., and construction, like sculptures, monuments, buildings, etc., and while the mother was at her home, knitting, cooking or cleaning the house.

On the other hand, children, dependent of the gender, were at their home or went out with their father, in other words, the girls were at home with their mother, for learning to cook, to knit, etc., and the boys went out with their father for learning about agriculture and construction.

Is important to mention, that the Mayan civilization was organized for hierarchies, so firth were urban people, in this the directing class, priests, artisans and merchants, and second rural people, in this social class peasants were located

For this reason, the family couldn’t to go up in the social classes, neither to progress, because the rights were very strict.

Secondly, the family in the Mayans, were very united and were necessary that all members were together in the morning and on the night, because they had some rituals, for example, the most important rituals was dedicated to gods, so on the night, all members of the family, were together for praying and scarifying, because their life was governed by gods, and their maximums god was Hunab Ku. They, also, went to ceremonies and weddings in family.

By Paula Fernanda Fortoul.

Family Member Roles

The Mayan society was organized on the basis of a social stratification, at the head of which was the nobility, almenehoob. This privileged group had the power and authority to hold political posts and religious. The supreme ruler of the province was, Halach Uinik (or Halach Wíinik) who lived in absolute power on matters earthly and spiritual, and it was while Batab or local boss. The group of priests, known generically ahkincob, I had the same status as the heads or Bataboob. The supreme priest received Ahuacán name, which means "Mr snake." The merchants professionals (Ppolom) on the social ladder. They were members of the nobility, not only because of their descent from mariners putunes conquerors of this land, but because they have their hands in this important economic activity. Although, in general, the whole land was communally owned and belonged to the people, the nobles had greater access to the cream of the crop, not owned or worked: getting todocon work of farmers. Under this complicated stratum which was the nobility, it was the people, the common people call Yalba Uinikoob ( "little men"), Chemal Uinicoob, Memba Uinicoob or Pizilcan, all commoners. The "common people" was the most numerous and included farmers, fishermen, lumberjacks, masons, artisans, weavers, porters, etc. The village was farming corn and produce food for themselves and for the noble class. It was the cutting, loading, and farmed make stones that shape the grand buildings, which built roads and temples, which decorated their walls with paintings and mosaics. Below the town was on the social ladder: the slaves. They were, for the most part, people caught in war or enslaved by any crime. It was born a slave or become such to be sold on the business or be an orphan.

By Diana Palacios Chacón

FAMILY STRUCTURE AND INTERACTION - work/life balance

We don’t have the same concept about family or in terms of love and relationships between member of Mayas, they generally marriage in early twenties and these marriages were arranged in comparison with modern civilization were couples marriage for love; also we have concepts completely different about freedom or work, for example, in ancient civilizations woman just made domestic works like take care for children, cook cleaning between others , but now in the 21st century, woman work at the same capacity like a men, they can go to the office, bring the kids from school, and clean the house, everything in one day.

To other hand Mayas in the beginning are a nomadic civilization and lived in small family bands, but when started cultivating maize they abandoned a nomadic way of life to settle in villages surrounded by cornfields. Also the Maya created arable land by using a “slash and burn” technique to clear the forest and planted maize and secondary crops such as beans, squash and tobacco. The small villages where they lived are consisting of household compounds, occupied by extended families. In addition the division of labor was clearly between men and women: first, the men looked after building huts and caring for the cornfields, while the women prepared food, made clothing and tended to the family’s domestic needs.
Family structure may alternate between nuclear and extended, with the addition of newly married couples who will leave with their parents until they firs child is born.
The Maya society was divided into four main groups:
© The nobility: which are formed by priests, warriors, traders and bureaucrats, exercised power and belonged to this group only by birth.

© The craftsmen: who are specialized manufacturing objects used by the nobility to dress, decorate their homes and show their range. Farmers living scattered around the cities and pay third of what they produced to the nobility.

© The slaves: are prisoners of war that were sold to work or to be slaughtered in certain rituals to rain, the earth or the sun.

by: Jennifer Jimenez J

Family structure and interaction

Mayas from the classic Era (c. 300 to 900 AD) developed, according to their region, different types of architecture, paint and art in wich they used a meaningful technique. Big constructions, pictures and sculptures were used for religion or social activities like rituals. That’s why in these constructions were involved luxurious objects that later were used in important funerals, in which the complicated elaboration of the elements meant the social category of some people in life. Also, art in this civilization, wanted to show what they saw in the past and what they were living at the moment so when they came back from dead they could take advantage of their position in lifetime.

We could compare Mayas art with others as Greek or Roman architecture. They all were unique and spectacular. Years and years of art development is recognizable in their pyramids and caves. But not only these two important structures had being an artistic expression. The Maya Long Count Calendar is the way like Mayas show the world their abilities in every science, in this case astrology.
Besides what we have say some others artistic expressions were: headstones, thrones, animal draws, and some balls games.
Principal characteristics of Mayas art are: the relief, different kinds of colors, how they treat topics, use of symbolism and letters between others.

From the beginning art was related with work. The job of the artists was directly related with social, politics and culture characteristics of their environment. That was the reason why artists needed and used all their abilities in what they were doing.
So important it was for them, that a turquoise blue color with some script on it, that was founded in architecture and that survived through the centuries shows that the Maya were one of the few civilizations where artists attached their name to their work.

SOCIETY

Another important aspect of this civilization was their society. At the beginning they created arable land for they own used, and some of the products the planted were corn, tobacco and beans. The Maya society was divided into four important groups:
Ø The nobility: in which priests, warriors, traders and bureaucrats were involved.
Ø The craftsmen: who manufactured objects that were used by the nobility.
Ø Farmers: they lived around the cities and pay what they produced to the nobility.
Ø The slaves: were prisoners of war.

They lived in small villages were all the members of the family stayed at the same house. Differences between men and women were defined; men were always in charge of taking to the villages food, and build what they needed. Instead of that women made clothing, prepared food, and were waiting for resolve everything what the family needed related with domestic things. Now days in some of these civilizations, differences between men and women are use and each one of them make things like on those days.
If we are going to talk about family, is important to analyze what Mayas were living and the way they lived. Our civilization has change in many aspects, but if you look farther, we can see that women needs to be at home being with the family and that almost always men go to work and bring home what they need. That is a structure that has being changing by people and society. Women are going out to work and we are making the same things that men used to do. So we think that some years ago, the concept about family was the same of the Mayas civilization, but nowadays are really different.

by: Carolina Mendez S.

Introduction

First we have take into account the meaning of civilization that includes the self cultural status that every advance human society have, refer to science level, arts, thinks and customs.

Second, Maya civilization is one of the most classical civilizations of Mesoamerica. This civilization are originating in Yucatán around 2600 B.C and extended throughout the northern Central American region, including the present-day nations of Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador and western Honduras. Mayas are important because there are a spectacular art, monumental architecture, and sophisticated mathematical and astronomical systems